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not all of them are. It Depends. There are lots of maybes and sort-ofs. There is no legal requirement that you be locked in - just that many are.
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It’s really quite unspecific. There’s nothing saying you have to put 1mm in an account and do nothing with it. In fact, there’s very little said at all. That’d definitely best be a “go see a lawyer” topic if you have EUR1mm around to do it with.
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The investment fund option is rather specific in terms of requiring an investment in one (or more) of the venture capital funds that’s registered with CMVM as golden-visa qualified. Thomas has a (possibly incomplete) list of them under his ultimate guide. There are other topics on the board that have quite a bit of information on this - Portugal GV Fund Comparison? - #521
Investment fund vs. real estate for Portugal golden visa; PFIC for US citizens - #78 by nevadaandonward
GV Investment Funds, Service to Help Invest + Secure Visa - #44 by jlee
Once again, to be clear, these programs are a PATH to permanent residency. You do not GET permanent residency immediately.