While there is no way for community members or moderators to link your temporary anon-account with your real one, in case of abuse, admins (i.e. @tkrunning) could do some data forensics (running custom database queries, etc) to deduce who’s behind a particular anonymous account.
Other users have absolutely no way of knowing.
And in an effort to combat spamming and other abuse, you need to reach “trust level 2” to get access to Anonymous Mode. You reach higher trust levels by being active in the community 